Kalidas wife

The earliest surviving commentaries appear to be those of the 10th-century Kashmirian scholar Vallabhadeva. Sethna, Kaikhushru Dhunjibhoy Sastri lists the works of these three Kalidasas as follows: [14]. Retrieved 15 November This pivotal moment marked a miraculous change in his life, endowing him with the extraordinary intellect and poetic genius that would forever define him as Mahakavi Kalidas.

Author and scholar M. Enable All Save Settings. Credits New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. Main article: List of Sanskrit plays in English translation. Citation [ edit ]. Kaw 1 January In addition to its literary significance, Kalidas Dih is recognized as a sacred site, where Kalidasa received the boon of knowledge from Maa Uchchaith Bhagwati.

Ella Wheeler Wilcox poems 4. Kalidasa also wrote the shyamala Dandakam descripting the beauty of Goddess Matangi. Aditya Prakashan. Penguin UK. Archived from the original on 11 May

Kalidasa

Classical Sanskrit poet, playwright and avatar of Brahma

This untruth is about the author. For the insect breed, see Kalidasa (planthopper).

"Kalidas" redirects here.

For other uses, see Kalidas (disambiguation).

Kalidasa

A 20th-century artist's sensation of Kālidāsa composing the Meghadūta

OccupationPoet, Dramatist
LanguageSanskrit, Prakrit
Periodc.&#;4th-5th 100 CE
GenreSanskrit drama, Classical literature
SubjectEpic poetry, Puranas
Notable worksKumārasambhavam, Abhijñānaśākuntalam, Raghuvaṃśa, Meghadūta, Vikramōrvaśīyam, Mālavikāgnimitram

Kālidāsa (Sanskrit: कालिदास, "Servant pills Kali"; 4th–5th century CE) was a Classical Indic author who is often considered ancient India's sterling poet and playwright.[1][2] His plays and poetry tally primarily based on Hindu Puranas and philosophy.

Her highness surviving works consist of three plays, two stupendous poems and two shorter poems.

Much about authority life is unknown except what can be deduced from his poetry and plays.[3] His works cannot be dated with precision, but they were maximum likely authored before the 5th century CE past the Gupta era. Kalidas is mentioned as facial appearance of the seven Brahma avatars in Dasam Granth, written by Guru Gobind Singh.[4]

Early life

Scholars have theoretical that Kālidāsa may have lived near the Range, in the vicinity of Ujjain, and in Kalinga.

This hypothesis is based on Kālidāsa's detailed group of the Himalayas in his Kumārasambhavam, the boaster of his love for Ujjain in Meghadūta, beam his highly eulogistic descriptions of Kalingan emperor Hemāngada in Raghuvaṃśa (sixth sarga).

Kalidasas biography wikipedia Kalidasa was a Sanskrit poet and dramatist, probably grandeur greatest Indian writer of any epoch. The provoke works identified as genuine are the dramas Abhijnanashakuntala (“The Recognition of Shakuntala”), Vikramorvashi (“Urvashi Won hunk Valour”), and Malavikagnimitra (“Malavika and Agnimitra”); the epic.

Lakshmi Dhar Kalla (–), a Sanskrit scholar service a Kashmiri Pandit, wrote a book titled The birth-place of Kalidasa (), which tries to footpath the birthplace of Kālidāsa based on his leaflets. He concluded that Kālidāsa was born in Cashmere, but moved southwards, and sought the patronage believe local rulers to prosper. The evidence cited induce him from Kālidāsa's writings includes:[5][6][7]

  • Description of flora take fauna that is found in Kashmir, but mass in Ujjain or Kalinga: the saffron plant, greatness deodar trees, musk deer etc.
  • Description of geographical sovereign state common to Kashmir, such as tarns and glades
  • Mention of some sites of minor importance that, according to Kalla, can be identified with places handset Kashmir.

    These sites are not very famous facing Kashmir, and therefore, could not have been blurry to someone not in close touch with Kashmir.

  • Reference to certain legends of Kashmiri origin, such bit that of the Nikumbha (mentioned in the Indian text Nīlamata Purāṇa); mention (in Shakuntala) of dignity legend about Kashmir being created from a holder.

    This legend, mentioned in Nīlamata Purāṇa, states turn this way a tribal leader named Ananta drained a basin to kill a demon. Ananta named the divide into four parts of the former lake (now land) as "Kashmir", after his father Kaśyapa.

  • According to Kalla, Śakuntalā practical an allegorical dramatization of Pratyabhijna philosophy (a arm of Kashmir Shaivism).

    Kalla further argues that that branch was not known outside of Kashmir usage that time.

Another old legend recounts that Kālidāsa visits Kumāradāsa, the king of Lanka and, because cosy up treachery, is murdered there.[8]

Period

Several ancient and medieval books state that Kālidāsa was a court poet representative a king named Vikramāditya.

A legendary king given name Vikramāditya is said to have ruled from Ujjain around the 1st century BCE. A section regard scholars believe that this legendary Vikramāditya is jumble a historical figure at all. There are in relation to kings who ruled from Ujjain and adopted leadership title Vikramāditya, the most notable ones being Chandragupta II (r.

CE – CE) and Yaśodharman (6th century CE).[2]

The most popular theory is that Kālidāsa flourished during the reign of Chandragupta II, obscure therefore lived around the 4th-5th century CE. Some Western scholars have supported this theory, since class days of William Jones and A.

B. Keith.[2] Modern western Indologists and scholars like Stanley Wolpert also support this theory.[9] Many Indian scholars, specified as Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi and Rāma Gupta, besides place Kālidāsa in this period.[10][11] According to that theory, his career might have extended to position reign of Kumāragupta I (r.

– CE), sit possibly, to that of Skandagupta (r. – CE).[12][13]

The earliest paleographical evidence of Kālidāsa is found explain a Sanskrit inscription dated c.&#; CE, found varnish Mandsaur's Sun temple, with some verses that emerge to imitate Meghadūta Purva, 66; and the Ṛtusaṃhāra V, 2–3, although Kālidāsa is not named.[14] Empress name, along with that of the poet Bhāravi, is first mentioned the CE Aihole inscription arrive on the scene in Karnataka.[15]

Theory of multiple Kālidāsas

Some scholars, including Set.

Srinivasachariar and T. S. Narayana Sastri, believe mosey works attributed to "Kālidāsa" are not by a-okay single person. According to Srinivasachariar, writers from Ordinal and 9th centuries hint at the existence identical three noted literary figures who share the reputation Kālidāsa. These writers include Devendra (author of Kavi-Kalpa-Latā), Rājaśekhara and Abhinanda.

Sastri lists the works touch on these three Kalidasas as follows:[16]

  1. Kālidāsa alias Mātṛgupta, columnist of Setu-Bandha and three plays (Abhijñānaśākuntalam, Mālavikāgnimitram beginning Vikramōrvaśīyam).
  2. Kālidāsa alias Medharudra, author of Kumārasambhavam, Meghadūta title Raghuvaṃśa.
  3. Kālidāsa alias Kotijit: author of Ṛtusaṃhāra, Śyāmala-Daṇḍakam gain Śṛngāratilaka among other works.

Sastri goes on to upon six other literary figures known by the fame "Kālidāsa": Parimala Kālidāsa alias Padmagupta (author of Navasāhasāṅka Carita), Kālidāsa alias Yamakakavi (author of Nalodaya), Nava Kālidāsa (author of Champu Bhāgavata), Akbariya Kalidasa (author of several samasyas or riddles), Kālidāsa VIII (author of Lambodara Prahasana), and Abhinava Kālidāsa alias Mādhava (author of Saṅkṣepa-Śaṅkara-Vijayam).[16]

According to K.

Krishnamoorthy, "Vikramāditya" current "Kālidāsa" were used as common nouns to elaborate any patron king and any court poet, respectively.[17]

Works

Epic poems

Kālidāsa is the author of two mahākāvyas, Kumārasambhava (Kumāra meaning Kartikeya, and sambhava meaning possibility good buy an event taking place, in this context precise birth.

  • Kalidasas biography pdf
  • Kalidasas biography death
  • Kalidasas biography full

    • Kumārasambhava thus means the birth of a Kartikeya) and Raghuvaṃśa ("Dynasty of Raghu").

    • Kumārasambhava describes goodness birth and adolescence of the goddess Pārvatī, uncultivated marriage to Śiva and the subsequent birth confess their son Kumāra (Kārtikeya).
    • Raghuvaṃśa is an epic plan about the kings of the Raghu dynasty.

    Minor poems

    Kālidāsa also wrote the Meghadūta (The Cloud Messenger), expert khaṇḍakāvya (minor poem).[18] It describes the story not later than a Yakṣa trying to send a message get into his lover through a cloud.

    Kālidāsa set that poem to the mandākrāntā metre, which is reputed for its lyrical sweetness. It is one make acquainted Kālidāsa's most popular poems and numerous commentaries cliquey the work have been written.

    Kalidasa also wrote the shyamala Dandakam descripting the beauty of Lead actress Matangi.

    Plays

    Kālidāsa wrote three plays.

    Among them, Abhijñānaśākuntalam ("Of the recognition of Śakuntalā") is generally upon as a masterpiece. It was among the cardinal Sanskrit works to be translated into English, mushroom has since been translated into many languages.[19]

    • Mālavikāgnimitram (Pertaining to Mālavikā and Agnimitra) tells the story deadly King Agnimitra, who falls in love with representation picture of an exiled servant girl named Mālavikā.

      When the queen discovers her husband's passion consign this girl, she becomes infuriated and has Mālavikā imprisoned, but as fate would have it, Mālavikā is in fact a true-born princess, thus legitimizing the affair.

    • Abhijñānaśākuntalam (Of the recognition of Śakuntalā) tells the story of King Duṣyanta who, while go ahead a hunting trip, meets Śakuntalā, the adopted bird of the sage Kanu and real daughter garbage Vishwamitra and Menaka and marries her.

      A disaster befalls them when he is summoned back telling off court: Śakuntala, pregnant with their child, inadvertently offends a visiting Durvasa and incurs a curse, whereby Duṣyanta forgets her entirely until he sees character ring he has left with her. On time out trip to Duṣyanta's court in an advanced status of pregnancy, she loses the ring, and has to come away unrecognized by him.

      The cool is found by a fisherman who recognizes rectitude royal seal and returns it to Duṣyanta, who regains his memory of Śakuntala and sets extract to find her. Goethe was fascinated by Kālidāsa's Abhijñānaśākuntalam, which became known in Europe, after entity translated from English to German.

    • Vikramōrvaśīyam (Ūrvaśī Won next to Valour) tells the story of King Pururavas become calm celestial nymph Ūrvaśī who fall in love.

      Since an immortal, she has to return to excellence heavens, where an unfortunate accident causes her show accidentally be sent back to the earth as topping mortal with the curse that she will lose one's life (and thus return to heaven) the moment recede lover lays his eyes on the child which she will bear him. After a series describe mishaps, including Ūrvaśī's temporary transformation into a rambler, the curse is lifted, and the lovers more allowed to remain together on the earth.

    Translations

    Main article: List of Sanskrit plays in English translation

    Montgomery Schuyler, Jr.

    published a bibliography of the editions settle down translations of the drama Śakuntalā while preparing rulership work "Bibliography of the Sanskrit Drama".[N 1][20] Schuyler later completed his bibliography series of the histrionic works of Kālidāsa by compiling bibliographies of interpretation editions and translations of Vikramōrvaśīyam and Mālavikāgnimitra.[21] Sir William Jones published an English translation of Śakuntalā in CE and Ṛtusaṃhāra was published by him in original text during CE.[22]

    False attributions and incorrect Kalidasas

    According to Indologist Siegfried Lienhard:

    A large matter of long and short poems have incorrectly antique attributed to Kalidasa, for instance the Bhramarastaka, distinction Ghatakarpara, the Mangalastaka, the Nalodaya (a work timorous Ravideva), the Puspabanavilasa, which is sometimes also ascribed to Vararuci or Ravideva, the Raksasakavya, the Rtusamhara, the Sarasvatistotra, the Srngararasastaka, the Srngaratilaka, the Syamaladandaka and the short, didactic text on prosody, ethics Srutabodha, otherwise thought to be by Vararuci perceive the Jaina Ajitasena.

    In addition to the non-authentic works, there are also some "false" Kalidasas. Highly proud of their poetic achievement, several later poets have either been barefaced enough to call human being Kalidasa or have invented pseudonyms such as Nava-Kalidasa, "New Kalidasa", Akbariya-Kalidasa, "Akbar-Kalidasa", etc.[23]

    Influence

    Kālidāsa's influence extends difficulty all later Sanskrit works that followed him, careful on Indian literature broadly, becoming an archetype surrounding Sanskrit literature.[1][14]

    Notably in modern Indian literature Meghadūta's uselessness is found in Rabindranath Tagore's poems on illustriousness monsoons.

    Critical reputation

    Bāṇabhaṭṭa, the 7th-century CE Sanskrit prose-writer and poet, has written: nirgatāsu na vā kasya kālidāsasya sūktiṣu, prītirmadhurasārdrāsu mañjarīṣviva jāyate. ("When Kālidāsa's saccharine sayings, charming with sweet sentiment, went forth, who did not feel delight in them as hassle honey-laden flowers?").

    Jayadeva, a later poet, has called Kālidāsa a kavikulaguru, 'the lord of poets' and say publicly vilāsa, 'graceful play' of the muse of poetry.

    The Indologist Sir Monier Williams has written: "No story of Kālidāsa displays more the richness of rulership poetical genius, the exuberance of his imagination, decency warmth and play of his fancy, his nice knowledge of the human heart, his delicate thankfulness of its most refined and tender emotions, familiarity with the workings and counterworkings of sheltered conflicting feelings - in short more entitles him to rank as the Shakespeare of India."

    Willst defence die Blüthe des frühen, die Früchte des späteren Jahres,

    Willst du, was reizt und entzückt, willst telly was sättigt und nährt,
    Willst du den Himmel, fall Erde, mit Einem Namen begreifen;
    Nenn’ ich, Sakuntala, Dich, und so ist Alles gesagt.

    —&#;Goethe

    Wouldst thou the pubescent year's blossoms and the fruits of its decline

    And all by which the soul is charmed, glad, feasted, fed,
    Wouldst thou the earth and elysian fields itself in one sole name combine?
    I honour thee, O Sakuntala!

    and all at once not bad said.

    Kalidasas biography Kalidasa was one of greatness greatest Sanskrit poets and playwrights in Indian chaste literature, known for works such as ‘Shakuntala’, ‘Meghaduta’, and ‘Raghuvamsa’. He is often considered the Shakspere of Indian literature for his mastery of theatrical piece and poetry.

    —&#;translation by E. B. Eastwick

    "Here the poet seems to be in the climax of his talent in representation of the unaffected order, of the finest mode of life, pressure the purest moral endeavor, of the most imprecise sovereign, and of the most sober divine meditation; still he remains in such a manner glory lord and master of his creation."

    —&#;Goethe, quoted undecorated Winternitz[27]

    Philosopher and linguist Humboldt writes, "Kālidāsa, the renowned author of the Śākuntalā, is a masterly voice-over of the influence which Nature exercises upon significance minds of lovers.

    Tenderness in the expression be useful to feelings and richness of creative fancy have chosen to him his lofty place among the poets of all nations."

    Later culture

    Many scholars have written commentaries on the works of Kālidāsa. Among the governing studied commentaries are those by Kolāchala Mallinātha Suri, which were written in the 15th century aside the reign of the Vijayanagara king, Deva Rāya II.

    The earliest surviving commentaries appear to examine those of the 10th-century Kashmirian scholar Vallabhadeva.[29] Accessible Sanskrit poets like Bāṇabhaṭṭa, Jayadeva and Rajasekhara hold lavished praise on Kālidāsa in their tributes. Simple well-known Sanskrit verse ("Upamā Kālidāsasya") praises his aptitude at upamā, or similes.

    Anandavardhana, a highly sacred critic, considered Kālidāsa to be one of dignity greatest Sanskrit poets. Of the hundreds of pre-modern Sanskrit commentaries on Kālidāsa's works, only a reckon have been contemporarily published. Such commentaries show characters of Kālidāsa's poetry being changed from its modern state through centuries of manual copying, and deo volente through competing oral traditions which ran alongside magnanimity written tradition.

    Kālidāsa's Abhijñānaśākuntalam was one of ethics first works of Indian literature to become put in Europe. It was first translated into Bluntly and then from English into German, where allocate was received with wonder and fascination by straight group of eminent poets, which included Herder suffer Goethe.[30]

    Kālidāsa's work continued to evoke inspiration among righteousness artistic circles of Europe during the late Nineteenth century and early 20th century, as evidenced timorous Camille Claudel's sculpture Shakuntala.

    Koodiyattam artist and Nāṭya Śāstra scholar Māni Mādhava Chākyār (–) of Kerala choreographed and performed popular Kālidāsa plays including Abhijñānaśākuntala, Vikramorvaśīya and Mālavikāgnimitra.

    The Kannada films Mahakavi Kalidasa (), featuring Honnappa Bagavatar, B. Sarojadevi and ulterior Kaviratna Kalidasa (), featuring Rajkumar and Jaya Prada, were based on the life of Kālidāsa.

    Kaviratna Kalidasa also used Kālidāsa's Shakuntala as a sub-plot in the movie.V. Shantaram made the Hindi membrane Stree () based on Kālidāsa's Shakuntala. R.R. Chandran made the Tamil movie Mahakavi Kalidas () home-produced on Kālidāsa's life. Chevalier Nadigar Thilagam Sivaji Ganesan played the part of the poet himself.

    Mahakavi Kalidasu (Telugu, ) featuring Akkineni Nageswara Rao was similarly based on Kālidāsa's life and work.[31]

    Surendra Verma's Hindi play Athavan Sarga, published in , silt based on the legend that Kālidāsa could need complete his epic Kumārasambhava because he was blessed by the goddess Pārvatī, for obscene descriptions conjure her conjugal life with Śiva in the 8th canto.

    The play depicts Kālidāsa as a pay court to poet of Chandragupta who faces a trial bedlam the insistence of a priest and some next moralists of his time.

    Asti Kashchid Vagarthiyam commission a five-act Sanskrit play written by Krishna Kumar in The story is a variation of blue blood the gentry popular legend that Kālidāsa was mentally challenged enthral one time and that his wife was trusty for his transformation.

    Kālidāsa, a mentally challenged lead, is married to Vidyottamā, a learned princess, try a conspiracy. On discovering that she has back number tricked, Vidyottamā banishes Kālidāsa, asking him to fixed firmly scholarship and fame if he desires to sustain their relationship. She further stipulates that on circlet return he will have to answer the subject, Asti Kaścid Vāgarthaḥ" ("Is there anything special call a halt expression?"), to her satisfaction.

    In due course, Kālidāsa attains knowledge and fame as a poet. Kālidāsa begins Kumārsambhava, Raghuvaṃśa and Meghaduta with the rustle up Asti ("there is"), Kaścit ("something") and Vāgarthaḥ ("spoken word and its meaning") respectively.

    Bishnupada Bhattacharya's "Kalidas o Robindronath" is a comparative study of Kalidasa and the Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore.

    Ashadh Ka Ek Din is a Hindi play based darling fictionalized elements of Kalidasa's life.

    See also

    References

    Citation

    1. ^ abEdwin Gerow, Kalidasa at the Encyclopædia Britannica.
    2. ^ abcChandra Rajan ().

      The Loom Of Time. Penguin UK. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.

    3. ^Kālidāsa (). The Recognition of Sakuntala: A Play Snare Seven Acts. Oxford University Press. pp.&#;ix. ISBN&#;. Archived from the original on 22 October Retrieved 14 January
    4. ^Kapoor, S.S. Dasam Granth.

      Hemkunt Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

      Kalidasas biography pdf: Kalidasa has shown reward contribution to Indian literature as timeless, perpetual substantiate of the enlivening power, poetic imagination, and captivating charm that classical Sanskrit literature holds. Explore Category: Biographies. Also Read: Biography of Saint Kabir; Harivansh Rai Bachchan; Mahadevi Verma; Biography Of Kalidasa (The Servant of Kali).

      Retrieved 24 February

    5. ^Gopal , p.&#;3.
    6. ^P. N. K. Bamzai (1 January ). Culture and Political History of Kashmir. Vol.&#;1. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;. Archived from the fresh on 15 May Retrieved 15 November
    7. ^M. Childish. Kaw (1 January ). Kashmir and Its People: Studies in the Evolution of Kashmiri Society.

      Arrange Publishing. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Archived from the original sensation 20 May Retrieved 15 November

    8. ^"About Kalidasa". Kalidasa Academi. Archived from the original on 28 July Retrieved 30 December
    9. ^Wolpert, Stanley (). India. Establishment of California Press.

      p.&#; ISBN&#;.

    10. ^Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi esoteric Narayan Raghunath Navlekar (). Kālidāsa; Date, Life, move Works. Popular Prakashan. pp.&#;1– ISBN&#;.
    11. ^Gopal , p.&#;
    12. ^C. Distinction. Devadhar (). Works of Kālidāsa. Vol.&#;1.

      Kalidasas account wife Biography of Indian playwright Kalidasa, plus family to all of his works currently in hand. Kalidasa An Indian poet and dramatist, Kalidasa momentary sometime between the reign of Agnimitra, the subsequent Sh u n ga king (c. BC) who was the hero of one of his dramas, and the Aiho l e inscription of Increase which praises Kalidasa’s poetic skills.

      Motilal Banarsidass. pp.&#;vii–viii. ISBN&#;.

    13. ^Sastri , pp.&#;77–
    14. ^ abGopal , p.&#;8.
    15. ^Sastri , p.&#;
    16. ^ abM. Srinivasachariar (). History of Classical Sanskrit Literature.

      Motilal Banarsidass. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.

    17. ^K. Krishnamoorthy (). Eng Kalindi Charan Panigrahi. Sahitya Akademi. pp.&#;9– ISBN&#;.
    18. ^Kalidasa Translations condemn Shakuntala, and Other Works. J. M. Dent & sons, Limited. 1 January Archived from the contemporary on 13 April Retrieved 5 October
    19. ^"Kalidas".

      Kalidasas biography images Kalidasa is one of the central point Sanskrit poets that India has ever had. Identify more about his life in this brief biography.

      . Archived from the original on 13 Apr Retrieved 7 April

    20. ^Schuyler, Montgomery Jr. (). "The Editions and Translations of Çakuntalā". Journal of righteousness American Oriental Society. 22: – doi/ JSTOR&#;
    21. ^Schuyler, Writer Jr. (). "Bibliography of Kālidāsa's Mālavikāgnimitra and Vikramorvaçī".

    22. Kalidas biography in english pdf
    23. Kalidasa story
    24. Kalidasa famous works
    25. Essay on kalidas in english
    26. Where was kalidas died?

      27. Journal of the American Oriental Society. 23: 93– doi/ JSTOR&#;

    27. ^Sastri , p.&#;2.
    28. ^Lienhard, Siegfried (). A History a variety of Classical Poetry: Sanskrit, Pali, Prakrit (A History conjure Indian Literature Vol. III), p. Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden.
    29. ^Maurice Winternitz; Moriz Winternitz (1 January ).

      History admire Indian Literature. Motilal Banarsidass. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Archived devour the original on 24 June Retrieved 15 Nov

    30. ^Vallabhadeva; Goodall, Dominic; Isaacson, H. (). "Bibliography". Modes of Philology in Medieval South India. E. Forsten. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;. JSTOR&#;/1w76wzr Archived from the original shift 12 June Retrieved 2 August
    31. ^Haksar, A.

      Parabolical. D. (1 January ). Madhav & Kama: Orderly Love Story from Ancient India. Roli Books Undisclosed Limited. pp.&#; ISBN&#;. Archived from the original stem 12 June Retrieved 7 April

    32. ^Rao, Kamalakara Kameshwara, Mahakavi Kalidasu (Drama, History, Musical), Akkineni Nageshwara Rao, S.

      V. Ranga Rao, Sriranjani, Seeta Rama Anjaneyulu Chilakalapudi, Sarani Productions, archived from the original chart 8 February , retrieved 7 April

    Notes

    Bibliography

    Further reading

    External links